{"id":26743,"date":"2026-10-17T00:31:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T17:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/?p=26743"},"modified":"2026-11-02T22:33:21","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T15:33:21","slug":"unpaid-invoices-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Unpaid Invoices in Thailand: How Businesses Recover Trade Debts Under Thai Law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand-1024x577.png\" alt=\"Unpaid invoices and commercial debt recovery in Thailand, illustrated with an overdue invoice, legal books, and scales of justice.\" class=\"wp-image-26908\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand-1024x577.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand-1536x865.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand-120x68.png 120w, https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand.png 1671w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A practical guide to recovering unpaid commercial debts in Thailand through negotiation, demand letters, litigation, and judgment enforcement.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Short answer:<\/strong> If a Thai customer has not paid an invoice, secure your evidence, confirm the customer is legally in default, send a written demand, calculate statutory default interest and check the limitation period immediately. Under the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (CCC), some trade claims expire after only two years. If negotiation fails, the remaining route is a civil claim in a Thai court followed by enforcement of the judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This guide explains general principles of Thai law for business-to-business receivables. It is not advice on any specific dispute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-counts-as-a-trade-debt-in-thailand\">What counts as a trade debt in Thailand?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A trade debt is money owed for goods delivered or work performed on credit terms, such as product sales, manufacturing or service fees. Thai law does not have a separate &#8220;invoice law&#8221;. The claim rests on the underlying contract of sale, hire of work or service, together with the CCC rules on default, interest and prescription <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/limitation-period-unpaid-invoices-thailand\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(limitation)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-1-prove-the-debt-exists\">Step 1: Prove the debt exists<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A Thai court will look for the agreement, delivery or completion, and the amount owed. Keep:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>quotations, purchase orders or the signed contract<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>delivery notes signed by the customer, invoices and tax invoices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emails or LINE messages in which the customer confirms the balance or asks for time<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bank records of any part payments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Documents in English are usable, but Thai courts generally require Thai translations of foreign-language evidence, so budget for certified translation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-2-confirm-the-customer-is-in-default\">Step 2: Confirm the customer is in default<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Under CCC Section 204, a debtor who fails to pay after the due date and after a warning from the creditor is in default. Where the payment date is fixed by the calendar, the debtor is in default on missing it without any warning. Even then, a written demand is good practice because it fixes the record for later proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-3-send-a-written-demand\">Step 3: Send a written demand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A demand letter should state the amount, the invoices concerned, a reasonable deadline, payment details and the next step if payment is not made. Send it in a way that proves receipt, ideally in Thai or bilingual form. See our separate guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/demand-letter-thailand-unpaid-invoice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">demand letters.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the customer is an <strong>individual<\/strong> rather than a company, Thailand&#8217;s Debt Collection Act B.E. 2558 (2015) may apply, because it defines debtors as natural persons and covers creditors collecting debts arising in the ordinary course of trade. Collection must then avoid threats, public shaming and disclosure of the debt to third parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-4-calculate-default-interest-correctly\">Step 4: Calculate default interest correctly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For money debts, CCC Section 224 allows default interest at the statutory rate under Section 7 plus 2% per year, and prohibits interest on interest during default. The Section 7 rate is currently 3% per year and can be adjusted by Royal Decree, so default interest is generally 5% per year unless a higher rate can lawfully be claimed on another basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-5-check-the-limitation-period-two-years-or-five\">Step 5: Check the limitation period \u2014 two years or five<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where foreign suppliers are most often caught out. CCC Section 193\/34(1) sets a two-year limitation period for traders claiming the price of goods delivered or work performed, unless the goods or work were supplied for the debtor&#8217;s own business. Claims within that exception have a five-year period under Section 193\/33(5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thai Supreme Court decisions look at what the customer did with the goods. In Supreme Court Judgment No. 1956\/2543 (2000), plastic sheeting bought for use in the buyers&#8217; trading business attracted the five-year period. Acknowledgment of the debt, part payment or filing suit interrupts the period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-6-negotiate-and-document-any-settlement\">Step 6: Negotiate and document any settlement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Where the customer is short of cash but commercially valuable, a written acknowledgment of debt with an instalment schedule, signed by an authorised director, is often more useful than suing at once. It fixes the amount and may restart the limitation clock. State clearly what happens if one instalment is missed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-7-file-a-civil-claim-and-enforce-the-judgment\">Step 7: File a civil claim and enforce the judgment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If negotiation fails, the creditor can sue in the competent Thai court for the debt, interest and damages. The court and procedure depend on the claim value and facts. A judgment that remains unpaid is enforced through the Legal Execution Department by seizure or attachment of assets. Check the debtor&#8217;s assets before filing: a judgment against an empty company recovers nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hypothetical-example\">Hypothetical example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A Singapore supplier sells packaging materials to a Thai food manufacturer on 60-day terms. The manufacturer uses the packaging in its own production. On the reasoning in the Supreme Court decisions above, the claim is likely to fall within the five-year exception. If the same supplier sold a single appliance to an individual for home use, the two-year period could apply. Each case turns on its facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-mistakes\">Common mistakes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Waiting for the customer to &#8220;pay when ready&#8221; without a written acknowledgment, until the claim is time-barred<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No signed delivery note<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Charging interest above the legal rate or compounding it during default<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shaming the debtor on social media, which can create civil and criminal exposure in Thailand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suing without first checking whether the debtor has assets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">FAQ<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I file a police complaint if a Thai customer does not pay?<\/strong> Non-payment is generally a civil matter. Criminal routes need specific elements such as deception from the outset. Take advice first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do I need a Thai lawyer to sue?<\/strong> Court proceedings in Thailand are conducted in Thai, and most foreign companies appoint a licensed Thai lawyer under a power of attorney.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What interest can I claim?<\/strong> Generally 5% per year during default, unless another lawful basis supports a higher rate. Verify the current statutory rate first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Does a part payment matter?<\/strong> Yes. Part payment is one of the acts that interrupts the limitation period, so keep records of every payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Effective recovery of unpaid invoices in Thailand depends on complete evidence, a clear written demand and an early check of the limitation period. Acting in the first weeks of non-payment usually leaves more options than waiting until litigation is the only route.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"discuss-an-unpaid-invoice\">Consult a Thai Lawyer About Unpaid Invoices and Commercial Debt Recovery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If your business is facing unpaid invoices, overdue payments, or difficulties recovering outstanding debts from customers in Thailand, obtaining legal advice at an early stage can help protect your rights and reduce the risk of losing your claim due to an applicable limitation period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pattara Law Firm<\/strong> provides legal assistance to Thai and international businesses in commercial debt recovery, including reviewing contracts and supporting documents, preparing formal demand letters, negotiating debt settlements, initiating civil proceedings, and enforcing court judgments in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our lawyers can assess your circumstances, identify available legal remedies, and recommend an appropriate strategy for recovering outstanding payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/contact-us\/\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;background-color:#034383\">Contact Our Legal Team<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Telephone:<\/strong> +66 99 249 5989<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LINE Official:<\/strong> @patt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WhatsApp:<\/strong> +66 99 249 5989<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Email:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:info@thailandlawyer.com\">info@thailandlawyer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Protect your business interests. Consult our legal team before unpaid invoices become more difficult to recover.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Short answer: If a Thai customer has not paid an invoice, secure your evidence, confirm the customer is legally in default, send a written demand, calculate statutory default interest and check the limitation period immediately. Under the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (CCC), some trade claims expire after only two years. If negotiation fails, the remaining route is a civil claim in a Thai court followed by enforcement of the judgment. This guide explains general principles of Thai law for&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-debt-recovery-enforcement","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Unpaid Invoices in Thailand: Recovering Trade Debts | Pattara Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to recover unpaid invoices from Thai customers: evidence, default, demand letters, default interest, limitation periods and court action under Thai law.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unpaid Invoices in Thailand: Recovering Trade Debts | Pattara Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to recover unpaid invoices from Thai customers: evidence, default, demand letters, default interest, limitation periods and court action under Thai law.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pattara Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thailawfirm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thailawfirm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-16T17:31:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-11-02T15:33:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1671\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"941\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/5829213cecac8e406aa0e90a5ede219b\"},\"headline\":\"Unpaid Invoices in Thailand: How Businesses Recover Trade Debts Under Thai Law\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-16T17:31:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-11-02T15:33:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/\"},\"wordCount\":1145,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/unpaid-invoices-thailand\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.thailandlawyer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/unpaid-invoices-debt-recovery-thailand-1024x577.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Debt Recovery &amp; 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